Science International was commissioned in the fleet of international scientific publications in July 1988. It is a broad based quarterly journal (refereed), devoted to all basic and applied sciences committed to serve the world of science.

In its purviews are research papers, reviews, short communications, articles and research reports.

Ever since it came into being, it has the privilege of having been indexed by the INTERNATIONAL SERIAL DATA SYSTEM (ISDS) in Paris, France [ISSN 1013-5316], cited widely and abstracted by international agencies, especially, by CHEMICAL ABSTRACT SERVICE, OHIO, U.S.A. [CODEN : SINTE 8], BIOSIS(Zoological Record) U. K., CABI, U. K., and PASTIC in Pakistan.

The journal accepts genuine contributions from authors all over the world in the following areas of pure and applied sciences:

PHYSICS, CHEMISTRY, BIOCHEMISTRY, MOLECULAR BIOLOGY, BOTANY, ZOOLOGY, PHARMACY, INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY, BIOTECHNOLOGY, FORENSIC SCIENCES, AGRICULTURE, VETERINARY SCIENCES ,FOOD SCIENCES, ENGINEERING, MATHEMATICS AND MEDICAL SCIENCE.
Note: Section for social sciences has been introduced.

All papers are referred to technical evaluation. The papers are accepted only on the recommendations of technical committee. Submissions are encouraged through electronic mail also.

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Sci.Int.(Lahore), 24(1)

1-6

A NUMERICAL TECHNIQUE FOR HEAT EQUATION SUBJECT TO INTEGRAL SPECIFICATIONS

M. A. Rehman^a, and M. S. A. Taj^b

Department of Mathematics, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan.^a

Department of Mathematics, COMSATS Institute of information Technology, Lahore, Pakistan.^b

aziz3037@yahoo.com ^a, shahadat259@yahoo.com^b

ABSTRACT: This paper deals with numerical method for the approximate solution of one-dimensional heat equation with integral boundary conditions. The integral conditions are approximated by using Simpson’s 1/3 rule while the space derivatives are approximated by third-order finite difference approximations. Then method of lines, semidiscritization approach, is used to transform the model partial differential equation into a system of first-order linear ordinary differential equations whose solution satisfies a recurrence relation involving matrix exponential function. The method developed is L-acceptable, third-order accurate in space and time and do not require the use of complex arithmetic. A parallel algorithm is also developed and implemented on several problems from literature and found to be highly accurate when compared with the exact ones and alternative techniques.

Keywords: Heat equation, Boundary integral specifications, Third

7-9

RELATION BETWEEN MEAN LABELING AND (A,D)-EDGE-ANTIMAGIC VERTEX LABELING^*

Ali Ahmad¹, Muhammad Imran², Andrea Semaničová-Feňovčíková³

¹College of computer and information system, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia

²Center for Advanced Mathematics and Physics (CAMP), National University of Science and Technology (NUST),

H-12 Sector, Islamabad, Pakistan.

³Department of Appl. Mathematics and Informatics, Technical University, Košice, Slovak Republic

ahmadsms@gmail.com, imrandhab@gmail.com, andrea.fenovcikova@tuke.sk

ABSTRACT: An injective mapping is called mean labeling of if the induced edge function defined as

is bijective.

A bijective mapping is called an -edge-antimagic vertex labeling, if the set of edge-weights forms an arithmetic sequence with the intial term and the difference , where is a positive and is a nonnegative integer.

In this paper, we study the relation between mean labeling and -edge-antimagic vertex labeling. Moreover, we show that two classes of caterpillars admit mean labeling.

11-12

COMPUTER AIDED PROCESS PLANNING: AN INTEGRATED APPROACH TOWARD MANUFACTURING SUSTAINABILITY

Saad Nawaz¹, Zeeshan Nawaz², Chen Wuyi¹

¹School of Mechanical Engineering & Automation-7, Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics (BUAA),

Beijing 100191, China

²Center of Energy System, National University of Science & Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan.

e-mail: engr.saadnawaz@gmail.com

ABSTRACT: Computer-aided process planning (CAPP) is a link between design and discrete manufacturing schemes in a computer integrated manufacturing (CIM) environment. In order to optimize projected variables such as cost, lead times, equipment availability, production volumes, potential material substitution routings and testing requirement etc., CAPP is a key tool for engineers in the modern manufacturing industry. Distributed decision-making in planning comes out as a rigid hierarchical structure of tasks (size of the system matters); where the lowest levels are well-defined tasks, such as determination of machine and cutting parameters, while the top levels control, coordinate and manage the entire system. The CAPP system begins with examining a workpiece's surface, and identifies all possible machining processes for all facets, one at a time, and later specific production facilities were taken to the pool. Optimal machining plans are identified based on local production conditions, e.g., machine capabilities, delivery schedules, personnel, etc. It is found that the CAPP system is particularly useful in a concurrent engineering environment, where a large number of design changes are made on routine basis. LOCAM is commonly used as knowledge acquisition tool to meet diverse process planning in integrated fashion and minimum time. An integrated planning framework as a logical extension of current CAPP activities is of future interest and can be addressed by artificial intelligence (AI) based techniques to achieve higher business impact

13-19

EFFICIENT DATA HARVESTING FOR INELASTIC TRAFFIC IN VEHICULAR SENSOR NETWORKS

Ridha Ouni, Mohammad Zuheir Hourani,Nasir Hussain

Department of Computer Engineering, CCIS, King Saud University, P.O.Box 51178, Riyadh 11543,

Saudi Arabia

ABSTRACT—The basic idea behind intelligent transportation system (ITS) is how to deploy vehicular sensor network that have many characteristic such as high computation power ,enough storage space and mobile sensor node in order to design an effective and efficient architecture for data collection and data exchange. In this paper we will introduce an intelligent transportation system with new network paradigm to collect important information from the road environment based on the vehicular sensor network (VSN). Data aggregate provides the end users with valuable information in order to make the road safer and less congested. Our system framework consists of active vehicular sensor node, passive vehicular sensor node and sink node distributed according to the road segmentation for collecting data from active vehicular sensor node passing by, while active vehicular sensor node collects data from passive vehicular sensor node in their segment using multihop data harvesting. .Finally, the simulation shows the effectiveness of the proposed schema.

Ali Ahmad¹, Martin Bača^2,3, Marcela Lascsáková², Andrea Semaničová-Feňovčíková^2,3

¹College of computer and information system, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia

²Department of Appl. Mathematics and Informatics, Technical University, Košice, Slovak Republic

³Abdus Salam School of Mathematical Sciences, G. C. University, Lahore, Pakistan

ahmadsms@gmail.com, martin.baca@tuke.sk, marcela.lascsakova@tuke.sk, andrea.fenovcikova@tuke.sk

ABSTRACT: Suppose G is a finite plane graph with vertex set V(G) and edge set E(G). A d-antimagic labeling of type (1,1,0) of G is a one-to-one map from V(G)ÈE(G) onto the integers 1,2,…,|V(G)|+|E(G)| with the property that the labels of the vertices and edges surrounding the face add up to a weight of that face and the weights of all s-sided faces form an arithmetic progression of difference d. A d-antimagic labeling is called super if the smallest possible labels appear on the vertices.

In this paper, we investigate the existence of super d-antimagic labelings of type (1,1,0) for disjoint union of plane graphs for several values of difference d.

^a Chemistry Department, Women Education College, Al-Anbar University , Anbar , Iraq

^bCentre for Drug Research , Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia

ABSTRACT: This article contained a disclosure of certain active substances isolated from the seeds of Cuminum Cyminum such as Tannins and Saponins and volatile oils, and the percentage in the form was ((22.0%) (68.0%, 10.0%)) respectively. As well as the appointment of some mineral elements in the cumin seeds like sodium, calcium and potassium and the concentration in the sample was (207)ppm, (306) ppm, (311) ppm, respectively, measured by using Flame Spectrometer. Completed the study as well as the effective of anti-bacterial for the extracts of water and alcohol by hot and cold procedures for cumin by using two kind of pathogenic bacteria which are Staphylococcus Aurous and Escherichia Coli , The study showed the different ability of inhibition for extracts and different inhibition diameters vary according to different active substances and the concentrations and the kind of the bacteria.

Department of Chemistry, University of Engineering and Technology Lahore 54890 Pakistan

*Present Address: Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Bonn, 53117 Bonn, Germany

⁺Present address: Department of Chemistry, University of Reading, Whiteknights, P. O. Box 217, Reading, Berkshire,

ABSTRACT: Voltammetric oxidation of p-phenylphenol was studied at the platinum semi-micro disk electrode, by cyclic and pulsed voltammetric techniques, in 1:1 acetonitrile-water mixture containing 0.1 M sodium perchlorate. The experiments were performed in neutral, acidic and basic media to observe the effect of pH changes on the voltammetric oxidation of p-phenylphenol

¹Department of Spinning Cotton and Chemical Fibers, Tashkent Institute of Textile and Light Industry, Uzbekistan

²Department of Textile Engineering, Mehran University of Engineering & Technology, Jamshoro. Pakistan

³Department of Textiles and Paper, School of Materials, University of Manchester, UK

ABSTRACT: Mathematical model for width of fibrous ribbon has been developed in order to make tight structure of open-end yarn. For this purpose, a range of count (20, 30, 40 and 50 Tex) has been investigated to analyze the effect on rotor speed and yarn linear densities. These variables have been evaluated using mathematical model. The speed of spinning rotor and the linear density of yarn are directly affected on the width of fibrous ribbon. The analytical results are plotted with values of the width of fibrous ribbon, which provided tight structure of yarn at the range of spinning rotor speed between 70 000 min^-1 and 100 000 min^-1.

Asma Manzoor^{1, 3}, ^*Zia-Ullah Khokhar^{1, 2}, Athar Hussain³, Uzma^{1, 3}, Sh. Asrar Ahmad⁴,

¹Food & Biotechnology Research Center PCSIR Labs, Ferozpur Road Lahore, 54600 Pakistan

²Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Punjab University, Lahore, Pakistan

⁴Division of Science & Technology, University of Education, Township, Lahore, Pakistan

ABSTRACT: Pretreatment is an important tool in cellulose conversion process. It breaks the lignin seal and disrupts the crystalline structure of cellulose to make it more accessible for enzymes, used for conversion of carbohydrate polymers into fermentable sugars. Dilute sulphuric acid is normally used as impregnating agent as it effectively hydrolyzes hemicellulose into monomeric sugars (xylose, arabinose, galactose, glucose, and mannose) and oligomers. In the present study, the effect of different parameters i.e. Time and concentration of impregnating agent was studied for optimization of conditions for sugar cane bagasse delignification. The temperature and biomass concentration were kept constant i.e. 121°C and 1kg respectively. Delignification of sugar cane bagasse was assessed, at 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 minutes time intervals using different concentrations sulphuric acid ranging 0.5-5% as impregnating agent per 10 g dry matter. Control was also run on varying time period and concentration of sulphuric acid. After processing, the effectiveness of various pretreatment conditions were assessed by estimation of weight reduction after pretreatment, lignin content, cellulose content and concentration of total and reducing sugars released in hydrolyzates. Results showed that efficient delignification, maximum weight loss and highest total and reducing sugars were obtained at 180 minutes in 4% sulfuric acid. There was about 82% delignification in 4% sulphuric acid pretreatment at 180 minutes, which may result in higher production of ethanol.

EFFECT OF WEAVE STRUCTURE ON TENSILE STRENGTH AND YARN CRIMP OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL FIBRE WOVEN FABRIC

¹ Department of Textile Engineering, Mehran University of Engineering and Technology, Jamshoro.

²Department of Textiles and Paper, School of Materials, University of Manchester, UK

ABSTRACT: Three-dimensional (3D) woven fabric as reinforcement is backbone of composites and becoming the material preferred due to cost saving, high production, near-net shaping and superior mechanical properties. It is very important to determine the mechanical properties of a 3D woven fabric before proposing the particular end use. It may be achieved by utilising a complex engineering data to develop models which can predict the failure mechanism. This paper presents the influence of weave structure on tensile strength of 3D carbon Fibre woven fabric. Three different structures layer to layer, orthogonal and angle interlock weaves have been used. Effect of weave has been investigated in both longitudinal (warp) and horizontal (weft) direction. The effect of crimp on failure mechanism was also studied. It is observed that the crimp interchange between the carbon tows and the binder yarn leads to decreasing load over the fibres (warp and weft). As a result, strength and stiffness may be increased. Layer to layer weave structure was found to have higher strength and moduli (in warp) as well as strength as compared to orthogonal and angle interlock weaves.

EFFECT OF CAUSTICIZATION ON COLOUR STRENGTH (K/S) OF REACTIVE DYED LYOCELL FABRIC

¹Department of Textile Engineering, Mehran University of Engineering and Technology, Jamshoro.

²Department of Textiles and Paper, School of Materials, University of Manchester, UK

ABSTRACT: The casticization of lyocell, a regenerated cellulose, fabric was studied to determine its effect on dyeing results. The fabric was dyed with direct dyes after casticization for that purpose. Monographs were taken on Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) to decipher the surface morphology of causticized lyocell fabric in comparison with untreated lyocell fabric. Owing to fibrillation of lyocell; its dyeing is challenging when viewed against other regenerated cellulosics. Frosty look is usually obtained for dark hues such as black, navy and brown. In this research work, lyocell woven fabric was pre-treated with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) at varying concentrations by pad-batch method. The causticized lyocell fabric was then dyed with monochloro-triazine (MCT), vinyl-suphone (VS) and MCT / VS based reactive dyes by exhaust, continuous (pad-dry-cure) and pad-batch methods. The causticization process resulted reduction in fabric whiteness, similar fabric absorbency and increased fabric stiffness comparing to the untreated fabric. When dyed, the causticized lyocell fabric gave higher colour strength (K/S); and un-level shade appearance in most cases when compared with untreated lyocell fabric. However, pad-batch dyeing resulted an evenly dyed fabric.

DEFINITION OF AREA EXTENSION AND FIBRE MICROSLIP IN CROSS-SECTION OF YARN AND EVALUATION OF STRENGTH DURING TWISTING

¹Department of Primary Cotton Ginning, Tashkent Institute of Textile and Light Industry, Uzbekistan,

²Department of Spinning Cotton and Chemical Fibers, Tashkent Institute of Textile and Light Industry, Uzbekistan,

³Department of Textile Engineering, Mehran University of Engineering & Technology, Jamshoro. Pakistan,

⁴Department of Textiles and Paper, School of Materials, University of Manchester, UK

ABSTRACT: The aim of this paper is to analyze the impact of twist on the strength characteristics of the yarn. In previous studies it is noticed that while twisting and stretching, the cross section of yarn, depends on the fibers located in two zones (stretching and slipping). However, it was unclear that why the quantity of loading fibres vary in between these zones. This research focuses on the important factors such as twist angle which can affect size of stretching and slipping zones and defines the relation of strength with angle of twist.

Abstract: A general survey of herpetofauna was conducted through August 2006-july 2007, covering five selected district, i.e. Quetta, Sibi, Mastung, Mekran and Noshkii (Chagii), One species of Crocodile, two of Chelonia, 37 species of lizard and 35 specie of snakes belong to 3 orders 14 families of class Reptilia were recorded. Among lizards endemism was also observed.

ANALYSIS OF SERUM PROTEIN PATTERN BY ELECTROPHORESIS IN VALVULAR HEART DISEASE

ABSTRACT: In the present study the blood samples of patients diagnosed for valvular heart disease (VHD) were obtained from the Punjab Institute of Cardiology, Lahore. Blood samples of the normal subjects of comparable age group with an absent history of cardiac ailment were also collected for the control comparison. The sera of all categories were separated and used for the study of the protein profile with sodium dodecyle sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) in first dimension. Gene Genius Bio-imaging Gel Documentation System was used for the quantification of various protein fractions. This provides the data of molecular weight and percent raw volume for each of the fraction. The protein fractions that showed significant variations were separated by using the technique of electroblotting and electroelution and run on isoelectric focusing (IEF) in second dimension to determine the isoelectric points. Significant increase was observed in apolipoprotein B, alpha-2-macroglobulin, ceruloplasmin and immunoglobulin heavy chain in VHD patients compared to normal subjects. These results show that level of apolipoprotein B, alpha-2-macroglobulin, ceruloplasmin and immunoglobulin heavy chain are strong predictor of VHD and can also be used for its diagnosis.

Murtaza Mustafa¹, I.Mohammad Yusof², Y.Norma³, P.Muthusamy⁴, SA.Shoib².

¹.School of Medicine, University Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia.

ABSTRACT:Toxoplasmosis is caused by Toxoplasma gondii, a common intracellular protozoan parasites of human and animals. Certain individuals are at high risk of infection that includes, congenitally, fetuses, newborns, and immunocompromised individuals. Toxoplasmosis encephalitis (TE), and chorioretinitis has been described T.gondii infects herbivorous, omnivorous and carnivorous animals. The sexual cycle of the parasites takes place in the small bowl of members of cat family. Infection in humans through ingestion of raw or undercooked meat or ingestion of contaminated water, food or vegetables Acute infection is diagnosed by isolation of T.gondii or amplification of its DNA in blood or body fluids; demonstration of tachyozoite by histologic ,cytologic methods and by serologic tests results. Treatment of toxoplasmosis is mainly by pyrimethamine, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and spiramycin used in pregnant women, dosing and dosing regimen may not be the same in different clinical entities.

ABSTRACT : Plant cell culture systems represent a potential renewable source of valuable medicinal compounds, flavors, fragrances, and colorants, which cannot be produced by microbial cells or chemical synthesis. The present research work was carried out for the analysis of secondary metabolites in callus culture of Citrullus colocynthis (L.) Schard. In vitro grown seedlings were used as explant source. Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium was used as culture medium supplemented with different concentrations and combinations of 2,4-D + Kin mg/L and BAP + NAA mg/L. The callus culture formed on MS medium added with BAP 2mg/L + NAA 3mg/L and BAP 3mg/L + NAA 2mg/L were proved to be best for callus induction while NAA in individual application did not produced the best results for callus induction. Laboratory grown seedling parts and the relevant callus cultures raised from different explants were subjected to analysis of secondary metabolites through GC-MS. Among secondary metabolites determined, the common secondary metabolites present in leaf and internode tissue were Toluene, α-sphinosterol, Tetradecane, Pentadecane, Hexadecane, Octadecane, Hentriactone, and 9,12-Octadecadienoicacid[7,7]. Majority of the compounds were detected in quantities less than 1% in seedling tissues as well as in respective calluses. From the present study, it was observed that regardless of the similar compounds found many metabolites were different in leaf and internode tissue and in respective calluses.

CHEMICAL PRECIPITATION OF AEROSOLS PARTICULATES OF RAIN WATERS REFERENCE TO ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTION AT LAHORE / PAKISTAN

¹.Chemistry Deptt. UOB Quetta, Pakistan E-mail: manzoor_iqbal@yahoo.com

^2. Education Deptt. of Al-khair University ( Karak )

^3. Computer Science Deptt. Kohat University of Science and Technology

ABSTRACT: This paper presents the useful information about the level and chemical composition of the inorganic aerosol pollutant particulates matter at Lahore. The present investigation of the rainwater chemistry is studied over the period of December 2007 – April 2008 and July – August 2008 at PCSIR Laboratories Lahore .Total 19 samples were collected and were chemically analyzed during the period for major inorganic ion composition viz. F, Cl, NO₃, SO₄, Na, K, Ca, and Mg as well as NH₄by Ion – Chromatography Technique. All the rain samples analyzed showed alkaline pH always, to that of reference level 6.4 . Moreover, physical parameters like conductivity and turbidity were determined while total carbon ( TC ) was determined by Carbon Analyzer. It has been determined that the acid neutralization is brought about by ions, particularly calcium, in the region. The data reveals that the ionic composition of rainwater in the region is strongly influenced by terrestrial sources rather than anthropogenic and marine sources.

FIRST RECORD OF FRESH WATER SNAILS MELANOIDES TUBERCULATA (GASTROPODA: MOLLUSCA) FROM DIFFERENT REGIONS OF BALOCHISTAN PROVINCE, PAKISTAN.

Abstract: Studies on Fresh water snails (Melanoides tuberculata ) were conducted from March 2007 to March 2009 in the fourteen sampling region of the Balochistan province. The Melanoides tuberculata was found to be a fairly distribution and recorded in the 07 of the 14 sampling regions. Along with the sampling regions, the Melanoides tuberculata was found highest (23.10%) with number of holotypes in the Harnai region., However, among different habitats, this species was found most abundantly in flowing streams. It was also investigated that the distribution of this species was restricted in the temperate regions of the Balochistan province only.

STUDENTS’ SATISFACTION REGARDING HIGHER EDUCATION: A SURVEY STUDY IN AZAD KASHMIR, PAKISTAN

Azhar Saleem¹, Aamir Saghir3, Raja Nasim Akhtar² , Nabila Bibi¹, Nazish Asif¹

1Department of Statistics, University of Azad Jammu & Kashmir, Muzafarabad, Azad Kashmir

ABSTRACT :The purpose of this research work was to examine the level of students’ satisfaction in higher education in the State of Azad Jammu and Kashmir. Students’ response measured through an adapted questionnaire on a 5-point likert scale by Cross-sectional survey. The sample size of the study consisted of 360 students belong to different private and public sector universities. The study focuses on the factors like courses offered, teachers’ expertise, transport facilities, library facilities, examination system and learning environment. The difference between gender opinions about level of satisfaction was also investigated. Significance of data trends was measured using t-test, correlation coefficient and multivariate regression analysis. The results of study revealed that courses offered, transport facility and learning environment had a significant and positive impact on students’ satisfaction in higher education in Azad Kashmir. However, learning environment was the most influential factor among all the variables under consideration in this study; therefore it required a special attention of the policymakers and institutes to improve the level of students’ satisfaction in this region.

*Muhammad Yasin, WaqasMussarat, Kaleem Ahmad, Amjed Ali and Syed Waseem Hassan Shah

ABSTRACT: A considerable number of bacterial species have been reported which have beneficial effects on plant growth. Normally, these bacteria are associated within the rhizosphere, so they are called rhizobacteria. These rhizobacteria have great tendency to produce certain growth promoting substances like Auxins, Gibbralins, Cytokinins etc. so they are called Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR). Numerous bacterial species have found as PGPR mainly Azotobactor, Azosprillium, Bacillus, Pseudomonas etc. The application of these bacterial species as biofertilizers could be the alternate source of synthetic fertilizers because these bacterial species (Azotobactor, Azosprillum) have great potential to fix atmospheric nitrogen as well as to solubilize the phosphorus in the soil. Bio-fertilizers have no environmental hazards, so these could be the possible substitution of synthetic fertilizers without compromising on flax yield and it will also solve the issue of environmental pollution which is being caused by the use of synthetic fertilizes and ultimately it will be helpful in the restoration of environment.

DETERMINATION OF DRINKING WATER QUALITY FROM SOURCE TO CONSUMER IN SABZAZAR, LAHORE

ABSTRACT: The present study was conducted to check the quality of drinking water in Sabzazar Town, District (Lahore). Samples were collected in sterilized falcon tubes and Multiple Tube Fermentation Test was used to analyze them. Coliforms were absent in water samples of the tube-well and supply-line, however, they were detected in samples from consumer taps. The coliforms were identified as E.coli by using different morphological and biochemical tests. For the confirmation of E.coli selective medium EMB was also used. Presence of E.coli is an indication of unhealthy /contaminated water supply to the locality which needs immediate attention of the concerned authorities to overcome this problem

Editorial Board

Editor-in-Chief

M. Azam Sheikh

Physical &

Engineering &

Applied Sciences

Biological Sciences

Overseas Panel

Abdul Aziz Gill

Sci.Int.(Lahore), 24(1)

COMPUTER AIDED PROCESS PLANNING: AN INTEGRATED APPROACH TOWARD MANUFACTURING SUSTAINABILITY

EFFICIENT DATA HARVESTING FOR INELASTIC TRAFFIC IN VEHICULAR SENSOR NETWORKS

**EFFECT OF CAUSTICIZATION ON COLOUR STRENGTH (K/S) OF REACTIVE DYED LYOCELL FABRIC**

¹.Chemistry Deptt. UOB Quetta, Pakistan E-mail: manzoor_iqbal@yahoo.com

^2. Education Deptt. of Al-khair University ( Karak )

^3. Computer Science Deptt. Kohat University of Science and Technology

Editorial Board

Editor-in-Chief

M. Azam Sheikh

Physical &

Engineering &

Applied Sciences

Biological Sciences

Overseas Panel

Abdul Aziz Gill

Sci.Int.(Lahore), 24(1)

COMPUTER AIDED PROCESS PLANNING: AN INTEGRATED APPROACH TOWARD MANUFACTURING SUSTAINABILITY

EFFICIENT DATA HARVESTING FOR INELASTIC TRAFFIC IN VEHICULAR SENSOR NETWORKS

EFFECT OF CAUSTICIZATION ON COLOUR STRENGTH (K/S) OF REACTIVE DYED LYOCELL FABRIC

1.Chemistry Deptt. UOB Quetta, Pakistan E-mail: manzoor_iqbal@yahoo.com

2. Education Deptt. of Al-khair University ( Karak )

3. Computer Science Deptt. Kohat University of Science and Technology

**EFFECT OF CAUSTICIZATION ON COLOUR STRENGTH (K/S) OF REACTIVE DYED LYOCELL FABRIC**

¹.Chemistry Deptt. UOB Quetta, Pakistan E-mail: manzoor_iqbal@yahoo.com

^2. Education Deptt. of Al-khair University ( Karak )

^3. Computer Science Deptt. Kohat University of Science and Technology